Obstetrics and gynecology (often abbreviated to OB/GYN, OBG, O&G or Obs & Gynae) are the two surgical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs, and as such are often combined to form a single medical specialty and postgraduate training program. This combined training prepares the practicing OB/GYN to be adept at the surgical management of the entire scope of clinical pathology involving female reproductive organs, and to provide care for both pregnant and non-pregnant patients.
Subspecialities
Examples of subspecialty training available to physicians in the US are:
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine - an obstetrical subspecialty, sometimes referred to as "perinatology," that focuses on the medical and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertility - subspecialty that focuses on the biological causes and interventional treatment of infertility
- Gynecological Oncology — gynecologic subspecialty focusing on the medical and surgical treatment of women with cancers of the reproductive organs
- Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery — gynecologic subspecialty focusing on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of women with urinary incontinence and prolapse of the pelvic organs. Sometimes referred to (incorrectly) by laypersons as "Female Urology"
- Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery
- Family Planning - gynecologic subspecialty offering training in contraception and pregnancy termination (abortion)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
- Menopausal and Geriatric Gynecology
Of these, only the first four are truly recognized sub-specialties by the Accredited Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG.) The other sub-specialities are recognized as informal concentrations of practice. To be recognized as a board-certified subspecialist, a practitioner must have completed an ACGME-accredited fellowship and obtained a Certificate of Added Qualifications (CAQ) which requires an additional standardized examination.
Additionally, physicians of other specialties may become trained in Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO), a short certification that equips them to better manage emergent OB/GYN situations.
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